{"id":"CVE-2025-21791","title":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nvrf: use RCU protection in l3mdev_l3_out()\n\nl3mdev_l3_out() can be called without RCU being held:\n\nraw_sendmsg()\n ip_push_pending_frames()\n  ip_send_skb()\n   ip_local_o…","summary":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nvrf: use RCU protection in l3mdev_l3_out()\n\nl3mdev_l3_out() can be called without RCU being held:\n\nraw_sendmsg()\n ip_push_pending_frames()\n  ip_send_skb()\n   ip_local_o…","severity":"high","cvss":7.8,"cvssVector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","cwe":["CWE-416"],"vendor":"linux","product":"linux_kernel","affected":["linux_kernel >= 4.9, < 6.1.129","linux_kernel >= 6.2, < 6.6.79","linux_kernel >= 6.7, < 6.12.16","linux_kernel >= 6.13, < 6.13.4","linux_kernel = 6.14"],"patched":["linux_kernel 6.13.4"],"published":"2025-02-27","updated":"2026-10-15","sourceUpdated":"2026-10-15T02:17:35.843","source":"NVD","sourceUrl":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21791","references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/022cac1c693add610ae76ede03adf4d9d5a2cf21","label":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/20a3489b396764cc9376e32a9172bee26a89dc3b","label":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5bb4228c32261d06e4fbece37ec3828bcc005b6b","label":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6ccaa5797f5362a2aad6baa6ddaf4715ac2dd51e","label":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6d0ce46a93135d96b7fa075a94a88fe0da8e8773","label":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7b81425b517accefd46bee854d94954f5c57e019","label":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c40cb5c03e37552d6eff963187109e2c3f78ef6f","label":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c7574740be8ce68a57d0aece24987b9be2114c3c","label":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"},{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00028.html","label":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html","label":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"},{"url":"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-784472.html","label":"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e"}],"tags":["nvd","cve.org"],"epss":0.00268,"epssPercentile":0.18896,"ingestedAt":"2026-10-15T03:30:12.797Z","ssvc":{"exploitation":"none","automatable":"no","technicalImpact":"total","timestamp":"2025-02-27T17:57:16.236835Z"},"slug":"CVE-2025-21791","body":"## Overview\n\nIn the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nvrf: use RCU protection in l3mdev_l3_out()\n\nl3mdev_l3_out() can be called without RCU being held:\n\nraw_sendmsg()\n ip_push_pending_frames()\n  ip_send_skb()\n   ip_local_out()\n    __ip_local_out()\n     l3mdev_ip_out()\n\nAdd rcu_read_lock() / rcu_read_unlock() pair to avoid\na potential UAF.\n\n## Affected\n\n- `linux_kernel >= 4.9, < 6.1.129`\n- `linux_kernel >= 6.2, < 6.6.79`\n- `linux_kernel >= 6.7, < 6.12.16`\n- `linux_kernel >= 6.13, < 6.13.4`\n- `linux_kernel = 6.14`\n\n## Remediation\n\nUpgrade past the affected range:\n\n- `linux_kernel 6.13.4`","depth":"twilight","depthScore":43,"depthScoreParts":{"impact":42.9,"likelihood":0.1,"exploitation":0,"ransomware":0},"changes":[]}