{"id":"CVE-2026-116786","title":"FreeSWITCH: Channel-variable injection via SIP REFER leads to command execution in mod_sofia","summary":"FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, sofia_handle_sip_i_refer() placed raw…","severity":"high","cvss":8.8,"cvssVector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","cvssSource":"cna","cwe":["CWE-77","CWE-94"],"vendor":"signalwire","product":"freeswitch","affected":["freeswitch < 1.11.2"],"published":"2026-11-05","updated":"2026-11-05","sourceUpdated":"2026-11-05T19:25:23.486Z","source":"CVEORG","sourceUrl":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-116786","references":[{"url":"https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/security/advisories/GHSA-xjxm-9qx6-w3fj","label":"https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/security/advisories/GHSA-xjxm-9qx6-w3fj"},{"url":"https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/commit/fbac12b451a146fdac5104d25d337145be989e84","label":"https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/commit/fbac12b451a146fdac5104d25d337145be989e84"},{"url":"https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/releases/tag/v1.11.2","label":"https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/releases/tag/v1.11.2"}],"tags":["cve.org"],"ingestedAt":"2026-11-05T22:38:31.540Z","slug":"CVE-2026-116786","body":"## Overview\n\nFreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, sofia_handle_sip_i_refer() placed raw Refer-To URI parameters and headers inside a sip_invite_params channel-variable block passed to switch_ivr_originate(). The originate parser treated a comma in the attacker-controlled value as a variable separator, allowing an authenticated caller on a bridged call to inject arbitrary variables into a newly originated leg. An injected execute_on_originate value could invoke the system dialplan application before answer and execute operating-system commands with the FreeSWITCH process privileges. SIP REFER is enabled by default, and the sender needs only a registered account and a call that takes the off-box transfer path, not administrative or Event Socket access. This issue is fixed in version 1.11.2.\n\n## Affected\n\n- `freeswitch < 1.11.2`\n\n## Remediation\n\nRefer to the linked advisories for vendor-supplied fixes and affected version ranges.","depth":"twilight","depthScore":48,"depthScoreParts":{"impact":48.4,"likelihood":0,"exploitation":0,"ransomware":0},"changes":[]}