---
id: CVE-2026-104437
title: >-
  Zebra before 4.4.0 contains a consensus divergence vulnerability in V5
  transparent signature verification, computing a ZIP-244 digest for
  SIGHASH_SINGLE inputs lacking corresponding outputs instead of failing
summary: >-
  Zebra before 4.4.0 contains a consensus divergence vulnerability in V5
  transparent signature verification, computing a ZIP-244 digest for
  SIGHASH_SINGLE inputs lacking corresponding outputs instead of failing.
  Attackers can craft V5 tran…
severity: high
cvss: 7.4
cvssVector: 'CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H'
cwe:
  - CWE-347
vendor: ZcashFoundation
product: zebra
affected:
  - zebra < 4.4.0
patched:
  - zebrad 4.4.0
published: '2026-10-02'
updated: '2026-10-06'
sourceUpdated: '2026-10-06T03:17:00.670'
source: NVD
sourceUrl: 'https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-104437'
references:
  - url: >-
      https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/zebra/security/advisories/GHSA-cwfq-rfcr-8hmp
    label: disclosure@vulncheck.com
  - url: >-
      https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/zebra-before-4.4.0-consensus-split-via-sighash-single-missing-output-handling
    label: disclosure@vulncheck.com
  - url: >-
      https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/zebra/security/advisories/GHSA-cwfq-rfcr-8hmp
    label: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
  - url: 'https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/zebra'
  - url: 'https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/zebra/releases/tag/v4.4.0'
tags:
  - nvd
  - cve.org
  - exploit-available
  - osv
  - rust
exploitAvailable: true
ssvc:
  exploitation: poc
  automatable: 'no'
  technicalImpact: total
  timestamp: '2026-10-06T02:42:33.915856Z'
epss: 0.00247
epssPercentile: 0.15938
aliases:
  - GHSA-cwfq-rfcr-8hmp
ecosystem: rust
ingestedAt: '2026-10-02T12:17:44.335Z'
---

## Overview

Zebra before 4.4.0 contains a consensus divergence vulnerability in V5 transparent signature verification, computing a ZIP-244 digest for SIGHASH_SINGLE inputs lacking corresponding outputs instead of failing. Attackers can craft V5 transactions with fewer outputs than inputs that Zebra accepts and templates via getblocktemplate, producing blocks zcashd rejects.

## Remediation

Refer to the linked advisories for vendor-supplied fixes and affected version ranges.

## Package advisory (CVE-2026-104437)

Affected packages:

- `zebrad < 4.4.0`

Patched in:

- `zebrad 4.4.0`

Source: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-cwfq-rfcr-8hmp