--- id: CVE-2026-118654 aliases: - GHSA-3pmx-cf9f-34xr title: >- Echo static file middleware route protection bypass via encoded dot-dot traversal summary: >- Echo static file middleware route protection bypass via encoded dot-dot traversal severity: medium cvss: 5.9 cvssVector: 'CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N' vendor: labstack product: github.com/labstack/echo/v5 ecosystem: go affected: - github.com/labstack/echo/v5 < 5.4.0 - github.com/labstack/echo/v4 < 4.16.0 patched: - github.com/labstack/echo/v5 5.4.0 - github.com/labstack/echo/v4 4.16.0 published: '2026-10-28' updated: '2026-10-28' sourceUpdated: '2026-10-28T21:15:05.143057870Z' source: OSV sourceUrl: 'https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-3pmx-cf9f-34xr' references: - url: 'https://github.com/labstack/echo/security/advisories/GHSA-3pmx-cf9f-34xr' - url: >- https://github.com/labstack/echo/commit/b838391e2eade87ae7e5a09d7bb5087bec271ec1 - url: >- https://github.com/labstack/echo/commit/fc410094b2f3415cf2bf5204082137b205bfd5af - url: 'https://github.com/labstack/echo' - url: 'https://github.com/labstack/echo/releases/tag/v4.16.0' - url: 'https://github.com/labstack/echo/releases/tag/v5.4.0' - url: 'https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-3pmx-cf9f-34xr' tags: - osv - go - ghsa epss: 0.00347 epssPercentile: 0.28209 cwe: - CWE-22 ingestedAt: '2026-10-28T21:18:49.947Z' --- ## Overview ## Summary Echo v5.2.0 contains a bypass of the fix for GHSA-vfp3-v2gw-7wfq. The fix rejects encoded path separators such as `%2F` and `%5C` before static file path unescaping, but two traversal forms still bypass route-level middleware protections for static files. The primary bypass uses encoded dot-dot segments. A request such as `/public/%2E%2E/admin/secret.txt` passes the encoded-separator guard, is unescaped to `public/../admin/secret.txt`, then `path.Clean` resolves it to `admin/secret.txt`. If `/admin/*` is protected by middleware but the static filesystem is mounted at `/`, the protected file is returned through the public static route. A second bypass exists when `UseEscapedPathForMatching=true`. In that mode, the router normalizes encoded separators before the static handler checks the wildcard. The handler receives a decoded wildcard with no `%` characters, so the encoded-separator guard does not run on the original encoded path. ## Impact An unauthenticated attacker can read files that an application intended to protect with route-level middleware, when those files are also reachable through a static filesystem mount after path normalization. The high-severity variant works with the default router configuration and requires only encoded dot-dot path segments. The direct protected route returns 403, while the public static route returns the protected file content. The `UseEscapedPathForMatching=true` variant is lower severity because it requires a non-default router configuration. ## Affected versions Tested vulnerable: - `github.com/labstack/echo/v5` v5.2.0 - Current `master` at `5786024ea4d85c01784796e8aa7aac53e007b39b` No patched version is currently known. ## Policy and version checks GitHub Private Vulnerability Reporting is enabled for `labstack/echo`. The repository has a root `SECURITY.md` and accepts security reports through GitHub Security Advisories. The vulnerable code was revalidated on both current `master` and the latest release tag: - Current `master`: `5786024ea4d85c01784796e8aa7aac53e007b39b` - Latest release: `v5.2.0`, published June 14 2026 - Package: `github.com/labstack/echo/v5` The same focused Go tests pass on the checked out `v5.2.0` / `master` commit, proving the bypass remains present in the latest released version and latest main branch at the time of reporting. ## Reproduction The following application shape reproduces the high-severity bypass: ```go e := echo.New() g := e.Group("/admin", func(next echo.HandlerFunc) echo.HandlerFunc { return func(c echo.Context) error { return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusForbidden) } }) g.GET("/*", handler) e.StaticFS("/", fsysWithAdminSecret) ``` Control request: ```http GET /admin/secret.txt ``` Observed result: ```text 403 Forbidden ``` Bypass request: ```http GET /public/%2E%2E/admin/secret.txt ``` Observed result: ```text 200 OK TOP-SECRET ``` For the non-default router variant: ```go e := echo.New() e.router = echo.NewRouter(echo.RouterConfig{ UseEscapedPathForMatching: true, }) g := e.Group("/admin", authMiddlewareReturning403) g.GET("/*", handler) e.StaticFS("/", fsysWithAdminSecret) ``` Bypass request: ```http GET /public%2F..%2Fadmin%2Fsecret.txt ``` Observed result: ```text 200 OK TOP-SECRET ``` ## Proof of concept evidence I added focused tests against the current Echo codebase. The tests exercise both `StaticDirectoryHandler` and the static middleware path. Command: ```bash go test -run TestHostile -v ./... ``` Observed result: ```text === RUN TestHostile_StaticDirectoryHandler_EncodedSeparatorsBlocked --- PASS: TestHostile_StaticDirectoryHandler_EncodedSeparatorsBlocked (0.00s) === RUN TestHostile_StaticDirectoryHandler_EncodedDotDotBypass --- PASS: TestHostile_StaticDirectoryHandler_EncodedDotDotBypass (0.00s) === RUN TestHostile_UseEscapedPathForMatching_Bypass --- PASS: TestHostile_UseEscapedPathForMatching_Bypass (0.00s) PASS ok github.com/labstack/echo/v5 0.013s === RUN TestHostile_StaticMiddleware_EncodedSeparatorsBlocked --- PASS: TestHostile_StaticMiddleware_EncodedSeparatorsBlocked (0.01s) === RUN TestHostile_StaticMiddleware_EncodedDotDotBypass --- PASS: TestHostile_StaticMiddleware_EncodedDotDotBypass (0.00s) === RUN TestHostile_StaticMiddleware_DisablePathUnescaping --- PASS: TestHostile_StaticMiddleware_DisablePathUnescaping (0.00s) PASS ok github.com/labstack/echo/v5/middleware 0.012s ``` The control tests also confirm that the new fix blocks encoded separators such as `%2F`, `%5C`, double-encoded slash values, null bytes, and overlong slash encodings. ## Root cause The fix for GHSA-vfp3 uses a denylist-style guard that checks for encoded path separators before unescaping the static wildcard. This blocks `%2F` and `%5C`, but does not block encoded traversal segments such as `%2E%2E`. The vulnerable flow is: 1. The static route wildcard accepts `public/%2E%2E/admin/secret.txt`. 2. The encoded-separator guard sees no `%2F` or `%5C` and allows the request. 3. The handler unescapes the wildcard to `public/../admin/secret.txt`. 4. `path.Clean` resolves it to `admin/secret.txt`. 5. The file is served through the public static route instead of the protected `/admin/*` route. For `UseEscapedPathForMatching=true`, the router decodes the path before the static handler sees the wildcard, so the handler cannot detect that encoded separators were used in the original request. ## Remediation Do not rely only on detecting encoded separators. Reject encoded traversal sequences before unescaping, and reject normalized wildcard values that cross route or static mount boundaries. Possible fixes: 1. Extend the pre-unescape guard to reject encoded dot segments such as `%2E` and `%2E%2E` in path components. 2. After unescaping, reject any wildcard where cleaning changes the path in a way that removes `.` or `..` components. 3. For `UseEscapedPathForMatching=true`, run the static-file guard against the original escaped request path before router normalization, or preserve metadata that the matched wildcard came from encoded separators. ## Patches Fixed in `github.com/labstack/echo/v5` v5.4.0 and `github.com/labstack/echo/v4` v4.16.0. The Static middleware and `StaticDirectoryHandler` (used by `Echo.Static`, `Echo.StaticFS`, `Group.Static` and `Group.StaticFS`) no longer serve paths with a `.`, `..` or empty segment, including after path unescaping. The encoded variant of the first vector (`/public/%2E%2E/admin/secret.txt`) was already fixed in v5.2.1 and v4.15.4 (GHSA-vfp3-v2gw-7wfq). ## Workarounds Put a reverse proxy in front of the application that normalizes request paths (removes dot segments and merges slashes), or keep protected files outside the served directory. ## Affected packages - `github.com/labstack/echo/v5 < 5.4.0` - `github.com/labstack/echo/v4 < 4.16.0` ## Remediation Upgrade to a patched release: - `github.com/labstack/echo/v5 5.4.0` - `github.com/labstack/echo/v4 4.16.0`