CVE-2026-31656High· 7.8▾ TwilightIn the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/i915/gt: fix refcount underflow in intel_engine_park_heartbeat A use-after-free / refcount underflow is possible when the heartbeat worker and intel_engine_park_he…
▾ Twilight zone — High severity, or a signal on a lesser flaw
impact 42.9 · likelihood 0 · exploitation 0
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Stakeholder-Specific Vulnerability Categorization from CISA's ADP record at CVE.org: whether exploitation is observed, whether an attack can be automated, and how much of the system is at stake. The CVSS score shown above comes from the assigning CNA record, not NVD.
Exploit-prediction probability, daily snapshots since Oct 16.
Disclosure to exploitation, from the record and what we observed since indexing it.
Disclosed via CVEORG
0.1%
Last analysed / modified upstream
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
drm/i915/gt: fix refcount underflow in intel_engine_park_heartbeat
A use-after-free / refcount underflow is possible when the heartbeat worker and intel_engine_park_heartbeat() race to release the same engine->heartbeat.systole request.
The heartbeat worker reads engine->heartbeat.systole and calls i915_request_put() on it when the request is complete, but clears the pointer in a separate, non-atomic step. Concurrently, a request retirement on another CPU can drop the engine wakeref to zero, triggering __engine_park() -> intel_engine_park_heartbeat(). If the heartbeat timer is pending at that point, cancel_delayed_work() returns true and intel_engine_park_heartbeat() reads the stale non-NULL systole pointer and calls i915_request_put() on it again, causing a refcount underflow:
<4> [487.221889] Workqueue: i915-unordered engine_retire [i915]
<4> [487.222640] RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x68/0xb0
...
<4> [487.222707] Call Trace:
<4> [487.222711] <TASK>
<4> [487.222716] intel_engine_park_heartbeat.part.0+0x6f/0x80 [i915]
<4> [487.223115] intel_engine_park_heartbeat+0x25/0x40 [i915]
<4> [487.223566] __engine_park+0xb9/0x650 [i915]
<4> [487.223973] ____intel_wakeref_put_last+0x2e/0xb0 [i915]
<4> [487.224408] __intel_wakeref_put_last+0x72/0x90 [i915]
<4> [487.224797] intel_context_exit_engine+0x7c/0x80 [i915]
<4> [487.225238] intel_context_exit+0xf1/0x1b0 [i915]
<4> [487.225695] i915_request_retire.part.0+0x1b9/0x530 [i915]
<4> [487.226178] i915_request_retire+0x1c/0x40 [i915]
<4> [487.226625] engine_retire+0x122/0x180 [i915]
<4> [487.227037] process_one_work+0x239/0x760
<4> [487.227060] worker_thread+0x200/0x3f0
<4> [487.227068] ? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10
<4> [487.227075] kthread+0x10d/0x150
<4> [487.227083] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10
<4> [487.227092] ret_from_fork+0x3d4/0x480
<4> [487.227099] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10
<4> [487.227107] ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30
<4> [487.227141] </TASK>
Fix this by replacing the non-atomic pointer read + separate clear with xchg() in both racing paths. xchg() is a single indivisible hardware instruction that atomically reads the old pointer and writes NULL. This guarantees only one of the two concurrent callers obtains the non-NULL pointer and performs the put, the other gets NULL and skips it.
(cherry picked from commit 13238dc0ee4f9ab8dafa2cca7295736191ae2f42)
Linux >= 058179e72e0956a2dfe4927db6cbe5fbfb2406aa < 82034799c6c14b3104668878c3f3e5786f777126Linux >= 058179e72e0956a2dfe4927db6cbe5fbfb2406aa < 70d3e622b10092fc483e28e57b4e8c49d9cc7f68Linux >= 058179e72e0956a2dfe4927db6cbe5fbfb2406aa < 8ce44d28a84fd5e053a88b04872a89d95c0779d4Linux >= 058179e72e0956a2dfe4927db6cbe5fbfb2406aa < ca3f48c3567dd49efdc55b80029ae74659c682eeLinux >= 058179e72e0956a2dfe4927db6cbe5fbfb2406aa < a00e92bf6583d019a4fb2c2df7007e6c9b269ce7Linux >= 058179e72e0956a2dfe4927db6cbe5fbfb2406aa < 2af8b200cae3fdd0e917ecc2753b28bb40c876c1Linux >= 058179e72e0956a2dfe4927db6cbe5fbfb2406aa < 455d98ed527fc94eed90406f90ab2391464ca657Linux >= 058179e72e0956a2dfe4927db6cbe5fbfb2406aa < 4c71fd099513bfa8acab529b626e1f0097b76061Linux 5.5Refer to the linked advisories for vendor-supplied fixes and affected version ranges.
Connected by shared product, vendor, weakness, or advisory.
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