CVE-2026-45363Critical· 9.1▾ Midnightruby-jwt is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token standard. Prior to 2.10.3 and 3.2.0, JWT.decode(token, '', true, algorithm: 'HS256') accepts an attacker-forged token because OpenSSL::HMAC.digest('SHA256', '', paylo…
▾ Midnight zone — Critical, or high with PoC / in-the-wild
impact 50.1 · likelihood 0.1 · exploitation 0
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Stakeholder-Specific Vulnerability Categorization from CISA's ADP record at CVE.org: whether exploitation is observed, whether an attack can be automated, and how much of the system is at stake.
Exploit-prediction probability, daily snapshots since Sep 19.
Disclosure to exploitation, from the record and what we observed since indexing it.
Disclosed via NVD
Last analysed / modified upstream
0.2%
0.2% → 0.4%
ruby-jwt is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token standard. Prior to 2.10.3 and 3.2.0, JWT.decode(token, '', true, algorithm: 'HS256') accepts an attacker-forged token because OpenSSL::HMAC.digest('SHA256', '', payload) returns a valid digest under an empty key and no empty-key precondition exists in the HMAC algorithm. The same path is reached when a keyfinder block or key_finder: argument returns an empty string, nil, or an array containing nil for an unknown key, affecting HS256, HS384, and HS512 verification through JWT.decode and JWT::EncodedToken#verify_signature!. This issue is fixed in versions 2.10.3 and 3.2.0.
Refer to the linked advisories for vendor-supplied fixes and affected version ranges.
Connected by shared product, vendor, weakness, or advisory.
CVE-2026-114616High· 7.4Authlib accepts an empty HMAC key, allowing JWS/JWT signature forgery (HS256/HS384/HS512)
CVE-2026-49852High· 7.5joserfc: joserfc: Integrity bypass via forged HMAC-signed tokens (CVE-2026-49852)
CVE-2023-51767High· 7.0OpenSSH through 10.0, when common types of DRAM are used, might allow row hammer attacks (for authentication bypass) because the integer value of authenticated in mm_answer_authpassword does not resist flips of a single bit
CVE-2026-101023Critical· 9.1Gitea's OAuth2 token endpoint verified the signature and grant of a token submitted with the `refresh_token` grant type, but not that the token was a refresh token
CVE-2026-101280High· 7.3A vulnerability was detected in Trusted Domain Project OpenDMARC up to 1.4.2
CVE-2026-101281High· 7.3A flaw has been found in Trusted Domain Project OpenDMARC up to 1.4.2