CVE-2026-54451High· 8.2▾ MidnightPoC availableElixir protobuf is a pure Elixir implementation of Google Protobuf. From 0.8.0 until 0.16.1, services that decode attacker-controlled protobuf bytes with Protobuf.Decoder can be taken offline when the schema contains a self-referential o…
▾ Midnight zone — Critical, or high with PoC / in-the-wild
impact 45.1 · likelihood 0.1 · exploitation 12
A public proof-of-concept already exists for this vulnerability — see Exploit availability below.
Stakeholder-Specific Vulnerability Categorization from CISA's ADP record at CVE.org: whether exploitation is observed, whether an attack can be automated, and how much of the system is at stake. The CVSS score shown above comes from the assigning CNA record, not NVD.
Exploit-prediction probability, daily snapshots since Sep 19.
Disclosure to exploitation, from the record and what we observed since indexing it.
Disclosed via NVD
— → 8.2
0.3%
Exploit / PoC code exists
Last analysed / modified upstream
0.3% → 0.5%
Elixir protobuf is a pure Elixir implementation of Google Protobuf. From 0.8.0 until 0.16.1, services that decode attacker-controlled protobuf bytes with Protobuf.Decoder can be taken offline when the schema contains a self-referential or cyclic message type. In lib/protobuf/decoder.ex, Protobuf.Decoder.value_for_field/3 handles an embedded?: true field by recursively entering the decode / build_message / handle_value / value_for_field call chain without enforcing a nesting-depth limit. Deeply nested embedded fields retain non-tail recursive frames, allowing a comparatively small request to consume substantial CPU and memory, pin a BEAM scheduler, and exhaust the node. This issue is fixed in version 0.16.1.
Refer to the linked advisories for vendor-supplied fixes and affected version ranges.
Affected packages:
protobuf >= 0.8.0, < 0.16.1Patched in:
protobuf 0.16.1Source: https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-rv48-qqj5-crxg
Field changes observed since this record was first indexed.
Connected by shared product, vendor, weakness, or advisory.
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